In math, students in grades 8-11 move into more advanced topics and expand their math skills and knowledge. During this period, students build on the foundation laid in earlier grades and are introduced to new concepts and problem-solving techniques. Here are some typical key topics and skills that students typically learn in math in grades 8-11.

Algebra:

linear equation and inequalities: solving, graphing and interpreting linear equations and inequalities.
Systems of equations: solving systems of linear equations by various methods.
Quadratic Equations: Factoring, Solving, and Graphing Quadratic Equations.
Exponents and Radicals: Simplify expressions involving exponents and radicals.
Polynomials: factoring, multiplying, dividing and adding/subtracting rational expressions.

Features:

Functional notation: understanding and using functional notation for relationship representation and analysis.
Graphing Functions: Sketch and interpret graphs of linear, quadratic, exponential, and other functions.
Function transformation: recognize and apply transformations to functions.
Domain and scope: defining the domain and scope of functions.

Geometry:

Coordinate geometry: working with the coordinate plane and graphing linear equations and inequalities.
Transformations: performing and describing transformations (translations, reflections, rotations, dilations) on geometric figures.
Congruence and similarity: applying criteria of congruence and similarity to triangles and other shapes.

Trigonometry: 

understand and apply trigonometric ratios (sine, cosine, tangent) to solve problems involving right triangles and angles.
Geometric proofs: developing logical arguments and proofs in geometry.
Statistics and Probability:

Data analysis: 

collecting, organizing and analyzing data with various statistical measures (mean, median, mode, range).
Probability: calculating the probabilities of events, including compound events, using the law of probability.

Statistical inference: making inferences and conclusions based on statistical data.
Through these classes, students continue to develop problem-solving and critical thinking skills. They learn to analyze complex problems, apply mathematical concepts to real-world situations. They learn to analyze complex problems, apply mathematical concepts to real-world situations, and communicate their mathematical reasoning effectively. the curriculum may vary depending on the educational system and the specific course sequences offered at each school.